The RS 2400·Q Sterile Insect Irradiator

THE PREMIER STERILE INSECT IRRADIATOR IN THE WORLD PROVIDING SUPERIOR DOSE UNIFORMITY AND INDUSTRY LEADING RELIABILITY.

Rad Source in Action

Our patented x-ray irradiation technology is scientifically proven to deplete harmful pests to prevent disease, restore prosperity to the agricultural industry, and improve the health and well-being of the human population.

Pests are harmful to both the agricultural industry and human health. Rapid reproduction and population growth of these pests results in agricultural losses in crops and livestock, economic damage, and uncontrolled spread of harmful diseases called vector-borne diseases, which are carried by certain blood-feeding organisms such as mosquitoes and transmitted to humans through their bites. One method that is used to eliminate pests is called sterile insect technique (SIT), which uses radiation to mass-sterilize male pests in a population, leading males that are unable to produce offspring after mating with females.

Rad Source creates and manufactures cost-efficient and safe x-ray irradiation instruments specifically designed for SIT, reducing the burden of pests and vector-borne diseases throughout the world.

Family Planning for Insects™

Environmentally Friendly Insect Control

Clean, renewable energy to sterilize mass-reared insects, they remain sexually competitive yet cannot produce offspring. SIT does not involve genetic engineering.

Patented Carousel Circulation Technology

High capacity, single chamber design with integrated multi-canister carousel technology for maximum throughput.

Lower Cost of Ownership than Gamma

Hassle Free Ownership NO decay curve calculation, NO need for secure or shielded room, NO nuclear site license required, NO added safety costs.

*RS 2400 is CE marked

Contact an expert

Features & Benefits

High X-Ray Output - High Throughput

Produces a high x-ray output, and has a large field, providing advantageous configurations for high throughput and dose rate.

Larger Field - Better Uniformity

No need to collimate the beam, and due to the larger field a better uniformity can be achieved compared to imaging tube x-ray technology..

Beam Hardness - Built in Filtration

Quastar has filtration built into the design of the x-ray emitter – designed to attenuate weaker non-penetrating x-rays.

Power Efficiency – Increased Life Span

The Quastar emitter runs at less than maximum power which increases lifetime up to 10 years – up to 3X longer than the standard imaging x-ray tube x-ray.

Repairable Energy Source - Low Cost of Ownership

Engineered to be repairable, lowers overall cost of ownership. (standard imaging tube x-ray sources require full replacement).

No Radioactive Source – No Ongoing Regulatory Hassles

Meets safety requirements specified in Fed. Reg. 21 CFR 1020.40
No Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) License required.
No nuclear disposal requirements.
No additional security requirements for nuclear equipment.
No additional safety equipment for laboratory staff.

Direct Replacement for Gamma Irradiator

U.S. Government recognized safe, direct alternative for radioactive isotope (gamma) source irradiators.

Patented Carousel Circulation Technology

High capacity, single chamber design with integrated multi-canister carousel technology for maximum throughput.

Holds six (6) 830mL canisters for 5L processing volume.

4“ in diameter (10.2 cm).

Holds six (5) 3L canisters for 15L processing volume.

7″ in diameter (17.7cm).

One Day Plug & Play Installation

No water or drain connection to the facility is needed, providing improved workflow efficiency with flexible unit placement. and saving costs.

Self Contained Cabinet

All Rad Source irradiators are manufactured as cabinet x-ray devices and conform to the radiation safety guidelines in US CFR 21 1020.40

Intuitive User Interface & Software Design

No previous x-ray experience necessary to operate

Instrument Portability

Mounted on sturdy castor wheels for convenient portability improving product workﬂow efﬁciency.

Proven Reliability

For over 20 years and greater than 500 irradiator installs in renowned hospitals, universities, pharma, government and life science institutions worldwide, Rad Source has provided the world’s leading healthcare providers with reliable products and trusted services.

Physical Dimensions

Equipment Dimensions:
46.56 x 75.26 x 40.49″ | 118.26 x 191.16 x 102.84 cm

Internal Chamber Dimensions:
22.5 x 25 x 10.25″ | 57.15 x 63.50 x 26.04 cm

Clearance Dimensions:
53 x 40 x 81″ | 134.62 x 101.60 x 205.74 cm

Equipment Weight:
2875 lbs. | 1,271 kg

Electrical:
· Power: 208/240VAC, Single phase, 50/60Hz, 40 Amp, true earth ground
· Wiring: 8 AWG L1, L2/N

Irradiation Guidelines

Power (W)
· 4000W

Dose Rate (Gy/min)
· 8-12 gy/min. (0.46 g/mL)

Dose Uniformity Ratio (DUR):
· 1.3-1.6

Processing Volume
· Six (6), 830 mL canisters (5L total capacity) per cycle with a
dose rate of ~12 Gy / min.

· Five (5) or 15L or product per cycle with a dose rate of ~12 Gy / min.

Optional Supplies & Accessories

INSTALLATION & wARRANTY

Installation:

All irradiators receive a quality inspection, dose map, and radiation survey prior to shipment and again at installation.
All irradiators are manufactured as cabinet X-ray devices and conform to the radiation safety guidelines in US CFR 1020.40

Water Requirements:

9 gallons of distilled water for the irradiator’s internal water tank.

Cooling Requirements:

Chiller Requirements: Requires min 14,000 BTU External Cooling with 5 GPM flow rate, at 40 to 60 psi @ approx. 24°±6°C/75°±11°F
Chiller Link: External Chilled Water: Such as the Turmoil OC- 150R VC (see page 2) spec; Approximately 22″ x 30″ x 37″ and weighs 400lbs
Chiller Specifications (single phase): 208/240VAC 1-phase, 50/60Hz, 20 Amp, True Earth Ground for P/N OC-150R VC (1409954)
Chiller Specifications (three phase): 208/230VAC 3-phase, 60Hz, 18 Amp, True Earth Ground for P/N OC-150R V6 (1408407)
Chiller Lead Time: Chillers from all manufacture tend to have a long lead time. This irradiator can not be run without external cooling.

*Rad Source maintains a reserve of some chiller.Contact sales to inquire about availability.

WARRANTY INFORMATION

12 months full warranty: Including: Installation, Training, Initial Dose Map, Radiation Survey, 2nd Dose Map and all parts, labor & travel.
Extended Warranty Program (year 2): Available for purchase anytime within 12 months from date of installation of Irradiator (Includes ALL parts, labor, travel and one PM call and (2) dosimetry reports per annum.

Safety & Quality

All irradiators receive a quality inspection, dose map, and radiation survey prior to shipment and again at installation.

All irradiators are manufactured as cabinet x-ray devices and conform to the radiation safety guidelines in US CFR 1020.40

Product Literature & Links

Questions & Answers

Literature & References

Useful industry links

Have questions about the RS 2400 SIT Irradiator?

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Product Literature & Links

The RS 2400-Q Sterile Insect Irradiator

See Brochure >

STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE: A MODEL FOR DOSE OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPROVED STERILE INSECT QUALITY

View Here

REDUCTION OF VIBRIO VULNIFICUS IN PURE CULTURE, HALF SHELL AND WHOLE SHELL OYSTERS BY X-RAY

View Here

DOSE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RAD SOURCE 2400 X-RAY IRRADIATOR FOR OYSTER PASTEURIZATION

Wagner JK, Dillon JA, Blythe EK, Ford JR., Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3133, USA. jenkoop@gmail.com

Appl Radiat Isot. 2009 Feb;67(2):334-9. Epub 2008 Nov 5.

View Here

General Questions

What are the dangers of using this tech?

Virtually none. x-ray is proven to be equivalent to isotope irradiation and sterilization without the hazardous waste, safety, and licensing issues.
Our irradiators are self-shielded in lead, which x-rays cannot penetrate through so the instrument does not emit radiation and users need not wear protective equipment.
You receive more radiation from taking a domestic flight, or lying outside in the sun for an hour than you do from using our equipment.
Additionally, the instrument comes with fail-safes and locking mechanisms, meaning it cannot be operated with the door open.
Since our technology uses x-ray instead of nuclear isotopes, when the instrument is turned off it is immediately off and there is no lingering radiation.

What are the specifications/configurations? Capacity?

Details of the 2 models are listed on the 2400 flyer (there is a 5L and 15L version, each with different DUR and # of canisters).
We cannot say what the capacity is, because each customer deals with a different insect (they are differentsizes, shapes, weights).

So instead we just say that one model can do 5L of product and the other can do 15L of product.

If the customer wants to know exactly how many insectscan fit in the machine I will need to do calculations based onspecies and life stage information.

We do know that the 5L model can fit roughly 20,000 Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae in it at one time, which is one of the most common mosquitoes that are worked with currently, but we are working on figuring out how many of the adult stage can fit.

What is the acquisition/delivery process like?

We tell the customer that we typically need between 6-8 weeks to build their unit and have it ready.

We can have it ready sooner if we get enough of a heads- up, though.

Delivery obviously is going vary based on where they are located but we tell them that we can easily ship to almost anywhere in the world.

Do I need special licensing to own the RS 2400?

No, we are listed as a cabinet x-ray device manufacturer and the client does not need any special licenses for domestic purchases, they need only register their tube/emitter with the state (I think it’s free? Or very cheap).

What organizations use the RS 2400

USDA ARS, USDA APHIS, IAEA, Lee County Mosquito Control District, etc.
We currently only have 2400’s in Florida, California, and Texas (and at HQ in GA, obviously).
We will have one in Washington very soon we will have one go to Harris County Texas, and one to University of Florida sometime in the next couple months they plan to order).

Why is x-ray better than gamma for SIT?

Significantly cheaper than gamma irradiators (but not cheap, just less expensive than traditional equipment).
You do not need to wear protective equipment when using the instrument, unlike gamma.
When the instrument is turned off, it is truly off, unlike gamma in which radiation lingers.
Our instrument is more compact and slightly mobile, unlike gamma. You do not need special licenses, like you do for gamma.
Nuclear isotopes decay slowly over time, so every time the researchers go to use the gamma instrument they have to perform calculations in order to make sure they administer the proper dose (x-ray does not decay/weaken, no calculation needs to be done just select what you want and push the button).
Lastly, x-ray is very low energy (unlike gamma) and better suited to radiate sensitive living organisms. The dose can be better controlled and the insects can be exposed to the radiation in a more delicate manner. It has also been theorized that less radiation is needed to fully sterilize insects when using x-ray as opposed to gamma (a theory that has been proven by Lee County for us but has not made its way into any publications yet).

What comes with a purchase? What else is needed?

Warranty – 12 Month Parts, Travel, and Labor warranty on unit less Quastar Emitter.
The lessor of 1 year or 2,400 operational hours Quastar Emitter warranty. Installation, on-site dose mapping, radiation survey and training included.
One preventative maintenance visit included.
*Requires external water chiller to be supplied by customer*.

Will it work for _____ insect?

This is a question that I will likely have to directly answer.
There is no definitive yes or no to this answer, it all has to do with the research and key information about the biology of the species.

This process does not work for all insects, it does not even work for most insects, but it works for many insects that are huge pests.

The most ideal insect candidates are typically flies/mosquitoes and moths. The website could maybe say, unsure if this method will work for your target pest?

Ventilation required or not?

Ventilation is required for the water chiller.

Generally we advise our customers to place the water chiller in a separate room that has good ventilation to be able to disperse the heat coming from the X-ray tube.

What does CDRH stands for?

CDRH stands for the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Performance Standards for Ionizing Radiation Emitting Products can be found at CDRH 21CFR1020.40

What are the different interlocks provided for safety of products and personnel?

The RS 2400 is shielded very well. That said, should personnel attempt to open the X-ray door during operation, the unit will immediately fault and shut off.

Are you providing dosimeters for dosimetry?

We do not provide dosimeters for dosimetry.

We recommend using the Gafchromic film, generally HD 810

What about X-ray on power failure?

If there is a complete power failure the unit would shutoff and the onboard battery would retain the processing information for that cycle. We can modify the unit to have any additional power generation protection you desire.

What about X-ray on power failure?

How do you address cooling water flow and its temperature control?

The water that cools the X-ray tube is provided by an external water chilling unit. It is temperature controlled and if it exceeds an identified temperature then the unit will fault and shut off to keep from damaging itself.

What is the typical cycle time?

The typical cycle time is based on your target dose.

Assuming you have product that is a density of 0.57 g/ml, being processed in a 11 cm diameter canister, 19 cm in height, with a dose uniformity ratio (DUR) of 1.3, the dose would be somewhere around 20 Gy per minute.

Using this information, if your total target dose is 200 Gy, then it would take 10 minutes to deliver your dose

Literature & Reference

X-Ray Machines Help Kill Bacteria in Food

SUMMARY

PASCAGOULA – It is not surprising to see an X-ray machine at a physician’s or dentist’s office, but research at Mississippi State University may help make them commonplace at seafood processing facilities and commercial produce operations.

Barakat Mahmoud, an assistant professor of food safety and microbiology with the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station and spokesman for the Institute of Food Technologists, is researching X-ray machines as a way to decontaminate food products. He conducts his work at MSU’s Experimental Seafood Processing Laboratory in Pascagoula.

His research shows X-ray doses can kill dangerous bacteria that make people sick, such as salmonella, E. coli, vibrio, shigella and listeria. The process simply removes harmful bacteria and does not alter the food product in any other way. In 1963, the Food and Drug Administration deemed the irradiation of food to be a safe practice.

“Vibrios are the bacteria in raw oysters that can make them dangerous to eat,” Mahmoud said. “This technology completely eliminates the naturally occurring bacteria, making the delicacy safe to consume. The X-rays do not kill the oysters; they stay alive throughout the entire process.”

AUTHOR
By Karen Templeton

THE PACKER, HANDLING & DISTRIBUTING; RESEARCH USES X-RAY TO REDUCE FOODBORNE PATHOGENS ON LEAFY GREENS

FDA looks into Consumer Reports findings of listeria on leafy greens

In testing retail samples of leafy greens, Consumer Reports found Listeria monocytogenes on six samples, and the Food and Drug Administration is reviewing the organization’s data.

AUTHOR
Ashley Nickle July 29, 2019

THE SESQUITERPENE LACTONE PARTHENOLIDE INDUCES APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA STEM AN

SUMMARY

Recent studies have described malignant stem cells as central to the initiation, growth, and potential relapse of acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia (AML and CML). Because of their important role in pathogenesis, rare and biologically distinct leukemia stem cells (LSCs) represent a critical target for therapeutic intervention.

AUTHOR
…………………

PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MECHANISMS TRAP ACTIVATED CD8+ T CELLS IN THE LIVER

SUMMARY
Abstract: The liver is a site where activated CD8(+) T cells are trapped and destroyed at the end of an immune response. The intrahepatic accumulation of activated murine TCR transgenic CD8(+) T cells was significantly reduced when either ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 was blocked…

AUTHOR
…………………

CURTOUSEY: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericyte

PERICYTES AND ENDOTHELIAL PRECURSOR CELLS: CELLULAR INTERACTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO MALIGNANCY

SUMMARY
Tumor vasculature is irregular, abnormal, and essential for tumor growth. Pericytes and endothelial precursor cells (EPC) contribute to the formation of blood vessels under angiogenic conditions.

AUTHOR
Rebecca G. Bagley, William Weber, Cecile Rouleau, and Beverly A. Teicher
Genzyme Corp., Framingham, Massachusetts

SHORT COMMUNICATION: NANOPARTICLE THERMOTHERAPY AND EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION THERAPY FOR HUMAN PROSTATE

Abstract:

RATIONALE: Recent studies have suggested that both embryonic stem cells and adult bone marrow stem cells can participate in the regeneration and repair of diseased adult organs, including the lungs.

Citation:
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Apr 1;177(7):701-11. Epub 2007 Dec 6.

Website:
https://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/177/7/701

courtesy: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in the Era of Regenerative Medicine December 16, 2019 By Cade Hildreth (CEO)

DERIVATION OF LUNG EPITHELIUM FROM HUMAN CORD BLOOD-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Abstract:

Recent studies have suggested that both embryonic stem cells and adult bone marrow stem cells can participate in the regeneration and repair of diseased adult organs, including the lungs.

Citation:
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Apr 1;177(7):701-11. Epub 2007 Dec 6.

THE APPLICATION OF RADIATION THERAPY TO THE PEDIATRIC PRECLINICAL TESTING PROGRAM

SUMMARY
The Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) has been successfully used to determine the efficacy of novel agents against solid tumors by testing them within a mouse-flank in vivo model. To date, radiation therapy has not been applied to this system. We report on the feasibility and biologic outcomes of a pilot study using alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft lines.

AUTHOR
…………………

CHARACTERIZATION AND DOSIMETRY OF A PRACTICAL X-RAY ALTERNATIVE TO SELF-SHIELDED GAMMA IRRADIATORS

Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

View Study.

SEALED SOURCE DISPOSAL AND NATIONAL SECURITY – PROBLEM STATEMENT AND SOLUTION SET

View Here

Sterile Insect Technique - IAEA

The sterile insect technique is an environmentally-friendly insect pest control method involving the mass-rearing and sterilization, using radiation, of a target pest, followed by the systematic area-wide release of the sterile males by air over defined areas, where they mate with wild females resulting in no offspring and a declining pest population.

The RS 2400·Q Sterile Insect Irradiator

Rad Source in Action

Our patented x-ray irradiation technology is scientifically proven to deplete harmful pests to prevent disease, restore prosperity to the agricultural industry, and improve the health and well-being of the human population.

Family Planning for Insects™

Environmentally Friendly Insect Control

Patented Carousel Circulation Technology

Lower Cost of Ownership than Gamma

Features & Benefits

High X-Ray Output - High Throughput

Larger Field - Better Uniformity

Beam Hardness - Built in Filtration

Power Efficiency – Increased Life Span

Repairable Energy Source - Low Cost of Ownership

No Radioactive Source – No Ongoing Regulatory Hassles

Direct Replacement for Gamma Irradiator

Patented Carousel Circulation Technology

One Day Plug & Play Installation

Self Contained Cabinet

Intuitive User Interface & Software Design

Instrument Portability

Proven Reliability

Physical Dimensions

Irradiation Guidelines

Optional Supplies & Accessories

INSTALLATION & wARRANTY

Safety & Quality

Product Literature & Links

Questions & Answers

Literature & References

Useful industry links

Have questions about the RS 2400 SIT Irradiator?

Product Literature & Links

The RS 2400-Q Sterile Insect Irradiator

STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE: A MODEL FOR DOSE OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPROVED STERILE INSECT QUALITY

REDUCTION OF VIBRIO VULNIFICUS IN PURE CULTURE, HALF SHELL AND WHOLE SHELL OYSTERS BY X-RAY

DOSE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RAD SOURCE 2400 X-RAY IRRADIATOR FOR OYSTER PASTEURIZATION

General Questions

What are the dangers of using this tech?

What are the specifications/configurations? Capacity?

What is the acquisition/delivery process like?

Do I need special licensing to own the RS 2400?

What organizations use the RS 2400

Why is x-ray better than gamma for SIT?

What comes with a purchase? What else is needed?

Will it work for _____ insect?

Ventilation required or not?

What does CDRH stands for?

What are the different interlocks provided for safety of products and personnel?

Are you providing dosimeters for dosimetry?

What about X-ray on power failure?

What about X-ray on power failure?

How do you address cooling water flow and its temperature control?

What is the typical cycle time?

Literature & Reference

FDA looks into Consumer Reports findings of listeria on leafy greens

Useful Links

CHARACTERIZATION AND DOSIMETRY OF A PRACTICAL X-RAY ALTERNATIVE TO SELF-SHIELDED GAMMA IRRADIATORS

SEALED SOURCE DISPOSAL AND NATIONAL SECURITY – PROBLEM STATEMENT AND SOLUTION SET

Sterile Insect Technique - IAEA